Ethereum co-founder proposes new multi-proof model and funding culture shift
Vitalik Buterin has unveiled a forward-looking Ethereum roadmap that aims to enhance the security, decentralization, and speed of Layer 2 (L2) networks. His new proposal introduces a “2-of-3” proof model, which would use three types of provers—optimistic, zero-knowledge (ZK), and trusted execution environments (TEE)—to validate transactions. A transaction would finalize when two out of the three agree, dramatically reducing the risk of single-point failure.
Buterin emphasized the need for diversity among proof systems, particularly as many ZK rollups rely on similar codebases, which could pose systemic risks. His model aims to balance speed—approaching ZK rollup-level finality in under an hour—with greater resiliency.
Stage 2 rollups and cultural reforms on funding
The roadmap also introduces "Stage 2 rollups," a new generation of rollup technology that promises stronger finality and faster confirmations, even in environments where full trust isn’t guaranteed. Despite these enhancements, the network will retain Ethereum’s 30-day upgrade delay to ensure stability.
Buterin also issued a call for reform in how the ecosystem funds development. He criticized the concept of “public goods funding” as increasingly skewed by social popularity rather than impact. Instead, he advocates for “open-source funding,” a model that supports projects based on transparency, real-world value, and long-term contributions to Ethereum’s ecosystem.
Buterin argued that the current funding culture rewards good optics rather than substance, and said shifting to open-source principles would allow developers and researchers to build with more purpose and fairness.
Together, the technical upgrades and cultural proposals form a comprehensive vision for Ethereum’s next phase—one that prioritizes decentralization, security, and impactful development over hype or short-term popularity.
